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The Welfare of Seals versus the Welfare of Other Animals

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's second set of questions: Question 105 (All parties) The parties have referred to animal welfare outcomes in the killing of other wild animals as well as animals in commercial slaughterhouses in these proceedings. Please explain their factual and legal
Simon Lester 02 Aug 2013 1 min read

Evidence of Public Morals

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's first set of questions: Question 48 (All parties) What kind of evidence is necessary to establish the existence of "public morals" under Article XX(a) of the GATT 1994? Does it differ depending on the type of
Simon Lester 02 Aug 2013 2 min read

What Aspect of the Measure Must be Necessary under the GATT Article XX Exceptions?

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's first set of questions: Question 43 (All parties) What aspects of the EU Seal Regime should be examined for the necessity test under Article XX(a) and XX(b) of the GATT 1994? Explain your position in light of
Simon Lester 01 Aug 2013 2 min read

The Relationship of TBT Articles 2.1 and 2.2

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's first set of questions: Question 36 (European Union) The European Union argues in paragraph 261 of its first written submission that if the legitimacy of an objective is established, then a fortiori, the regulatory distinction at issue is also
Simon Lester 01 Aug 2013 1 min read

What is Even-Handedness in the TBT 2.1 Context?

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's first set of questions: Question 35 (All parties) In US-COOL, the Appellate Body stated: [S]ome technical regulations that have a de facto detrimental impact on imports may not be inconsistent with Article 2.1 when such impact
Simon Lester 01 Aug 2013 1 min read

Individual vs. Group Comparisons under Less Favorable Treatment

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's first set of questions: Question 23 (All parties) Based on Table 1 and specific cells comprising the table, please identify the groups of products to be compared for the purpose of the Panel's analysis of the complainants&
Simon Lester 31 Jul 2013 3 min read

The Relationship Between the GATT and TBT Non-Discrimination Obligations

From the EU response to the Seal Products panel's first set of questions: Question 7 (All parties) Please explain your views on the relationship between the TBT Agreement and the GATT 1994 in terms of the non-discrimination obligations and policy justifications addressed in both agreements. For example,
Simon Lester 31 Jul 2013 3 min read

The Relevance of International Law in WTO Law

This is from the U.S. response to a Seal Products panel question: 4. (All third parties) Please explain the extent of the relevance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the ILO Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries to the analysis
Simon Lester 31 Jul 2013 2 min read

Q & A in the Seal Products Dispute

The Panel's questions and parties'/third parties' responses in the Seal Products dispute are very interesting.  The U.S. has posted its responses here; the EU's responses are here and here.  (I'm not aware of other parties/third parties posting their responses,
Simon Lester 31 Jul 2013 1 min read

Argentina and Foreign Investment

Recently, Argentina's economic nationalism has caused consternation in both trade and investment circles, and there have been a number of trade and investment complaints brought in response to various Argentine government actions.  The trade cases at the WTO are just getting underway; many investment arbitration awards have already
Simon Lester 30 Jul 2013 1 min read

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