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Is Foreign Antitrust Enforcement "Discriminatory" and "Anti-American"?

The House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust held a hearing in December on "Anti-American Antitrust: How Foreign Governments Target U.S. Businesses." There was a lot of talk at the hearing about how foreign regulations and regulators "discriminate" against American companies.
Simon Lester 05 Jan 2026 5 min read

Questions about the Trump Administration's Trade Deals and Compatibility with WTO Obligations

An issue that has been raised in relation to the Trump administration's various trade deals is whether they are compatible with WTO obligations. GATT Article XXIV, along with the Uruguay Round Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XXIV, sets out specific conditions that bilateral/regional deals on trade
Simon Lester 02 Jan 2026 4 min read

The U.S. Comments On the MPIA and Treaty Interpretation

At the December 19 DSB meeting, the U.S. tied one of its broad criticisms of the WTO dispute settlement system to a recent criticism by another WTO Member of a specific MPIA award: • We would like to make one further point in response to the interventions we just heard
Simon Lester 31 Dec 2025 4 min read

Call for Papers: 2026 ILA-ASIL EastMed-MENA Research Forum

This is from Anastasios Gourgourinis, George Dimitropoulos, and Marios Tokas: The 2026 ILA-ASIL EastMed-MENA Research Forum, organized by the International Law Association - Hellenic Branch and the American Society of International Law, invites paper proposals for its meeting on 9–10 July 2026 in Athens, Greece. The 2026 edition of
Simon Lester 30 Dec 2025 1 min read

Scheduling Is the Ace in the Hole

by Carlo M. Cantore[1] & Petros C. Mavroidis[2]  1. Consensus as Insurance Against the Waning of MFN The WTO membership has been mulling over the legal status of completed JSIs (Joint Statement Initiatives). JSIs are not multilateral agreements. They could become plurilateral agreements, if the membership (including those
Petros Mavroidis, Carlo M. Cantore 29 Dec 2025 8 min read

The U.S. Argument for Limiting MFN

In the communication to the WTO that I mentioned in the last post, the U.S. put forward a critique of the MFN principle: Most Favored Nation (MFN) Principle 3.1. The MFN principle, which seeks to prevent discriminatory trade practices and promote equal treatment among trade partners, was designed
Simon Lester 18 Dec 2025 3 min read

Some Thoughts on Addressing Non-Market Policies and Practices through WTO Disputes

Earlier this week, the U.S. submitted a communication to the WTO entitled "On WTO Reform." There are a number of issues worth talking about in the document, but I want to highlight the sub-section on "Overcapacity and Overconcentration of Production."
Simon Lester 17 Dec 2025 4 min read

Pennsylvania Court Finds Mexican Government Guilty of "Discrimination" Due To Its Subsidies

I'm always interested in how courts apply the concept of "discrimination" in the context of international trade, so I've been eagerly awaiting a Pennsylvania court decision in a case against Mexico.
Simon Lester 12 Dec 2025 8 min read

Jamieson Greer on the Rules-Based International Order

At an Atlantic Council event yesterday, Greg Ip of the WSJ asked U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer about how he sees the "rules-based international order" in the trading system these days
Simon Lester 11 Dec 2025 3 min read

Who Will be the MC (Master of Ceremony) of MC14?

1. The 2026 Version of the Bicycle Theory for Trade A few decades back, in separate publications, Fred C. Bergsten, and Jagdish Bhagwati referred to the “bicycle” theory of trade. In short, the idea was that steady (continuous) progress towards freer trade is essential. If not, political forces favoring protectionism
Petros Mavroidis 09 Dec 2025 6 min read

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Trade War Games (Review of How To Win a Trade War)

This blog post will offer a brief review of "How To Win a Trade War," by famous podcasters and think tankers/journalists Chad Bown and Soumaya Keynes. I wanted to post something in time for their official book launch (which is today), but I only got the book
20 May 2026 8 min read

Tracking Goods Exports under the Trump Administration's Trade Policies

My sense is that one of the reasons some traditionally pro-trade members of Congress have continued to support Trump's trade policies, despite misgivings they may have about tariffs, is because they hope these policies will pry open foreign markets, leading to increased US exports.
07 May 2026 8 min read

Could Congress Extend the USMCA for Another Term?

People have been assuming that the decision on whether to extend the USMCA for another term is up to President Trump, but based on the language of the USMCA related to the upcoming joint review, could Congress actually have the power to make this decision on its own?
04 May 2026 4 min read

Is There No Going Back on Trade? What Is the Path Forward? A Response to Lighthizer

Former U.S. Trade Rep. Bob Lighthizer has a new essay in Foreign Affairs, and I have some thoughts. I'm going to start with his brief big picture points on the direction of U.S. trade policy, and then go through a couple of the specific concepts he emphasizes.
27 Apr 2026 6 min read

The Section 301 Excess Capacity Investigation Needs Less Madness, More Method

Shortly after the Supreme Court ruled President Trump’s emergency tariffs under IEEPA  unconstitutional, the administration scrambled to rebuild its tariff wall. While the announcement of Section 122 tariffs immediately following the ruling will provide a temporary patch, the U.S. Trade Representative’s office quickly began to utilize another
24 Apr 2026 6 min read

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