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An Emerging Sign of the Trade Constitution 2.0: The “Chapeau Test” in the Seal AB Report

The long-awaited Appellate Body (AB) report on the Seal dispute has just come out.  There have already been several postings on this report.  Let me focus on one particular issue: the “chapeau” test. In a nutshell, the AB integrated two strands of case law on the chapeau test (one in
Sungjoon Cho 23 May 2014 2 min read

Contrasting Views on the Seal Products Decision

Global Trade Watch: The WTO today added fuzzy white baby seals clubbed to death on bloody ice flows to dolphins and sea turtles as animals that the WTO has declared cannot be protected by domestic laws because they  violate “trade” rules, which will just fuel public and policymaker skepticism about
Simon Lester 22 May 2014 1 min read

There's No "Consistency" Requirement for Animal Welfare and Public Morals

From the Seal Products AB report: 5.200. Finally, by suggesting that the European Union must recognize the same level of animal welfare risk in seal hunts as it does in its slaughterhouses and terrestrial wildlife hunts, Canada appears to argue that a responding Member must regulate similar public moral
Simon Lester 22 May 2014 1 min read

The Appellate Body Just Wants To Point Out that It Won't Be Addressing Extra-Territoriality

From the Seal Products AB report: 5.173. Finally, we note that, in US – Shrimp, the Appellate Body stated that it would not "pass upon the question of whether there is an implied jurisdictional limitation in Article XX(g), and if so, the nature or extent of that limitation&
Simon Lester 22 May 2014 1 min read

The Tests of Public Morals Under the TBT and the GATT

[This post is from my good colleague, Kyle Dickson-Smith.  He is interested in some of the issues that appear to be unresolved in the Panel Report]. Now that the AB decision is out, I anticipate that he will follow up to evaluate if the AB has resolved these issues. -
Alan Alexandroff 22 May 2014 2 min read

The EU Seal Products Measure Is Not a Technical Regulation

The Appellate Body says the Panel erred in finding that the EU seal products measure is a technical regulation: 5.58. Having reviewed the relevant aspects of the EU Seal Regime, we see only one feature that may suggest that the measure lays down product characteristics, while all others suggest
Simon Lester 22 May 2014 2 min read

Banning Windows 8

I've got a number of criticisms of Windows 8 -- why did they shuffle everything around? how do I get to desktop? -- but this is clearly going too far: China is banning Windows 8 devices from at least some government IT purchases, in a mysterious move that
Simon Lester 20 May 2014 1 min read

What Are the "Trade-Related" Aspects of Intellectual Property?

From a new article on the TRIPS Agreement: Central to the controversies surrounding the TRIPS Agreement has been the ever-enigmatic determination of how far TRIPS should reach in regulating intellectual property rights. As the name of the Agreement explicitly indicates, the TRIPS Agreement is meant to regulate only those aspects
Simon Lester 20 May 2014 1 min read

The Role of Secretariats

From a post at the Kluwer Arbitration Blog: The role of the tribunal secretary in international arbitration has been called an “enormously grey area” that has been subject to instances of “abuse.” With concerns of the secretary going beyond his or her position as an assistant to the tribunal and
Simon Lester 20 May 2014 1 min read

General Exceptions Clauses in Investment Obligations

I have a short piece in Investment Treaty News, in which I raise some issues related to how a general exceptions clause for investment like the one in the Australia-Korea FTA would work: First, there is a question as to how such an exception would apply in the investment context.
Simon Lester 18 May 2014 2 min read

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Tracking Goods Exports under the Trump Administration's Trade Policies

My sense is that one of the reasons some traditionally pro-trade members of Congress have continued to support Trump's trade policies, despite misgivings they may have about tariffs, is because they hope these policies will pry open foreign markets, leading to increased US exports.
07 May 2026 8 min read

Could Congress Extend the USMCA for Another Term?

People have been assuming that the decision on whether to extend the USMCA for another term is up to President Trump, but based on the language of the USMCA related to the upcoming joint review, could Congress actually have the power to make this decision on its own?
04 May 2026 4 min read

Is There No Going Back on Trade? What Is the Path Forward? A Response to Lighthizer

Former U.S. Trade Rep. Bob Lighthizer has a new essay in Foreign Affairs, and I have some thoughts. I'm going to start with his brief big picture points on the direction of U.S. trade policy, and then go through a couple of the specific concepts he emphasizes.
27 Apr 2026 6 min read

The Section 301 Excess Capacity Investigation Needs Less Madness, More Method

Shortly after the Supreme Court ruled President Trump’s emergency tariffs under IEEPA  unconstitutional, the administration scrambled to rebuild its tariff wall. While the announcement of Section 122 tariffs immediately following the ruling will provide a temporary patch, the U.S. Trade Representative’s office quickly began to utilize another
24 Apr 2026 6 min read

War Tariffs

This is a co-authored post by Kathleen Claussen and Tim Meyer. Last week, President Trump announced that the United States would be imposing new tariffs of 50 percent of the value of any product coming from any country that sells weapons or provides military aid to Iran. Some commentators questioned
14 Apr 2026 5 min read

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