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The Paris Climate Change Draft Treaty: Where Are the Dispute Settlement Provisions?

The global climate change conference in Paris has adopted the draft of an international treaty aimed at transforming the world's fossil fuel-driven economy within decades and slowing the pace of global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius. Many consider this text as “historic” and  according to
Marc Benitah 13 Dec 2015 1 min read

Cool Arbitrator Finds That Only Lost Trade Is “Recoverable” Not Broader Economic Harm Suffered By Canada/Mexico

The December 7 retaliation decision in US - COOL includes a finding of great systemic importance to the trading system. When a country is the victim of a WTO violation, what “damages” are “recoverable”? We all know that the WTO never awards cash. The closest it gets is to put a
Joost Pauwelyn 10 Dec 2015 3 min read

The COOL Retaliation Decision

Recall that in the U.S. - COOL arbitration proceeding over the amounts of suspension of concessions: Canada asked for $2.41 billion in retaliation; the U.S. has countered with $43.22 million. ... Mexico wants $713 million; the U.S. countered with $47.55 million The Arbitrator's decision
Simon Lester 07 Dec 2015 1 min read

Burden of Proof for Less Favorable Treatment under TBT Agreement Article 2.1

This is from the recent AB 21.5 report in Tuna: 7.32 ... Under Article 2.1, ... a complainant must show that, under the technical regulation at issue, the treatment accorded to imported products is less favourable than that accorded to like domestic products or like products originating in any
Simon Lester 07 Dec 2015 1 min read

More on Free Trade in Canadian Beer

What is it with Canadian provincial restrictions on internal trade in beer? I blogged about one issue here. Now there's this: On Tuesday, the Alberta budget included an overall five per cent liquor tax increase on top of the 10 per cent increase introduced by the former Tory
Simon Lester 04 Dec 2015 1 min read

Discriminatory Measures and Perfect Measures

This is from the U.S. statement at yesterday's DSB meeting, commenting on the Tuna 21.5 panel and Appellate Body reports: Panels and the Appellate Body should not make their conception of the “perfect” measure the enemy of all the possible good ones. In pursuing legitimate objectives,
Simon Lester 04 Dec 2015 1 min read

From ISDS to ICS

From the European Commission: The European Union and Vietnam today finalised talks for a free trade agreement (FTA), marking the end of the negotiating process. After the agreement in principle reached in August, today’s announcement follows the successful resolution of the few remaining issues on the table. ... Vietnam has
Simon Lester 02 Dec 2015 1 min read

Detrimental Impact in the Less Favorable Treatment Analysis

With the AB's recent Tuna 21.5 report in mind, I think it's fair to say that the focus when analyzing less favorable treatment tends to be on the "stems exclusively from a legitimate regulatory distinction" element.  I agree that this element is crucial,
Simon Lester 02 Dec 2015 3 min read

A Few Thoughts on the AB's Tuna 21.5 Report

I am not as critical as Rob of the AB's Tuna 21.5 report, but I do have some concerns. Let me set them out briefly. First, the Appellate Body said the following about the standard it applies under TBT Article 2.1: 7.153. We have already
Simon Lester 29 Nov 2015 3 min read

Does the Appellate Body Need a Senior Judicial Officer?

A result like that in the recent Tuna/Dolphin 21.5 proceeding, on which I blogged here early this week http://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2015/11/the-tunadolphin-appellate-body-215-ruling-a-decision-that-could-threaten-the-integrity-and-efficiency-of-wto-dispute-settl.html, necessarily focuses attention
Rob Howse 26 Nov 2015 3 min read

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What Kind of Discrimination Should Section 338 Target?

A couple weeks ago, the U.S. International Trade Commission asked for public comments on implementing Section 338.
25 Sep 2026 5 min read

Jake Sullivan Wants To Build On the Biden Administration's Industrial Policy

In a recent article, Jake Sullivan makes the case for continuing on with the Biden administration's economic policies, arguing for an even broader and more comprehensive industrial policy than what we saw under Biden.
13 Sep 2026 6 min read

How Difficult Will It Be Politically To Remove Trump's Tariffs?

Heather Hurlburt, who was the Chief of Staff for U.S. Trade Rep. Katherine Tai from 2022-2024, recently poured some cold water on the idea that Trump's tariffs might be removed quickly after he is out of office.
12 Aug 2026 3 min read

Why Section 338 Does Not Work in a GATT/WTO World: Lessons from Trade Law History

On July 21, 2026, President Trump exercised his authority under Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (hereinafter Section 338) to impose the maximum amount of additional tariffs (fifty per cent) on Canadian cars, alcohol, and dairy, owing to his determination of Canada’s discriminatory treatment of US exports.
23 Jul 2026 10 min read

EU WTO Reform Proposal Seeks To Extend Accession-Based State Enterprise Rules To All Members

In a new WTO reform paper entitled "Further Reflections on Disciplines, Subsidies and Industrial policy," the EU argues for stronger WTO disciplines on the behavior of state enterprises.
17 Jul 2026 5 min read

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