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Optimal Tariffs, Trade War Tariffs and Trade Policy Cooperation

Via Jonathan Dingel, economist Ralph Ossa looks at the gains from trade policy cooperation: What are the optimal tariffs of the US? What tariffs would prevail in a world-wide trade war? What are the gains from international trade policy cooperation? And what gains can be expected from future reciprocal trade
Simon Lester 24 Jul 2011 1 min read

Unilateral Carbon Border Measures

Here's the abstract of a paper called "Unilateral Carbon Border Measures: Key Legal Issues", from frequent commenter Anuradha R.V.: Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have been engaged in discussions on the future of the climate change regime. While the
Simon Lester 24 Jul 2011 2 min read

Overlapping NAFTA/WTO Environment Claims: Ontario's Renewable Energy Policies

A WTO panel was established today in the Canadian "Feed in Tariff" case (DS412).  From AFP: The World Trade Organization said on Wednesday it will rule on a Japanese claim that a Canadian province's renewable energy programme flouts international trade law. "A panel was established,
Simon Lester 20 Jul 2011 5 min read

Section 301 and Investor-State

USTR declines a Section 301 petition related to expropriation: On May 24, 2011, representatives of two individuals—Mauricio Gadala Maria and Carolina Maratos Gadala Maria—filed a petition requesting that the Trade Representative initiate a Section 301 investigation with respect to alleged expropriations without adequate compensation by the Government of
Simon Lester 20 Jul 2011 2 min read

Assistant USTR For Trade Policy and Economics Job

A job advertisement from USTR: The incumbent serves as the Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Trade Policy and Economics. The Office is responsible for managing a staff of professionals engaged in the intra-agency and interagency trade policy coordination.  The Office also provides statistical and economic analytical support for negotiating
Simon Lester 18 Jul 2011 1 min read

Australia and the U.S. on the Aspect of the Measure to be Examined under GATT Article XX

More on the issue of the aspect of the measure to be examined under Article XX, from last week's DSB meeting: Australia had reservations about the reasoning applied by the Appellate Body in its application of the necessary test under Article 20 of GATT 1994. According to Australia,
Simon Lester 18 Jul 2011 1 min read

The Problem of "Overly Restrictive Regulations" on Whiskey

From a recent op-ed by USTR Ron Kirk: Tariff levels are generally falling around the world, but U.S. companies still face significant “behind-the-border” barriers, which typically take the form of complex, burdensome regulations and standards. The story of Tuthilltown Spirits of Gardiner, N.Y., illustrates the challenges to U.
Simon Lester 15 Jul 2011 4 min read

The Economics of Overlapping AD/CVDs

In an article entitled The Offsetting Duty Norm and the Simultaneous Application of Countervailing and Antidumping Duties, economist Brian Kelly writes about the economics of overlapping AD/CVD measures.  From the abstract: World Trade Organization (WTO) members have long expressed a norm concerning the trade “remedies” of countervailing (anti-subsidy) duties
Simon Lester 15 Jul 2011 1 min read

The Irrationality of the WTO Export Duty Regime: Availability of GATT Article XX and Beyond

The Panel decision in China-Raw Materials reveals an utterly irrational aspect of the system: the ad hoc rules on export duties imposed on a handful of acceding members are effectively the most "sacred" rules of the WTO, in that they are permanent, not amendable, and not entitled to
Julia Qin 11 Jul 2011 4 min read

GATT Article XX as a Defense to Non-GATT Agreements

Following up on posts here, here, here and here about GATT Article XX as a defense to claims under non-GATT agreements, this is from last Tuesday's China - Raw Materials panel report: 7.152 This brings us to the issue of whether Article XX of the GATT 1994
Simon Lester 10 Jul 2011 1 min read

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International Economic Law and Policy Blog

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Featured

War Tariffs

This is a co-authored post by Kathleen Claussen and Tim Meyer. Last week, President Trump announced that the United States would be imposing new tariffs of 50 percent of the value of any product coming from any country that sells weapons or provides military aid to Iran. Some commentators questioned
14 Apr 2026 5 min read

USMCA Review and Extension Predictions

When the idea of an expiration clause was suggested during the NAFTA renegotiation, I was against it from the start, and Inu and I wrote a pretty critical piece about it at the time. A review is great, we said, let's definitely have reviews, and there are plenty of ways to do that.
08 Apr 2026 5 min read

The Section 301 Surge Continues: Investigating the Adoption/Enforcement/Administration of Forced Labor Import Bans

This Section 301 investigation intends to pressure all sixty named trade partners (even, inexplicably, including Canada and Mexico) to adopt similar enforcement procedures. This announcement is highly problematic for the four reasons I address below.
16 Mar 2026 4 min read

The Section 301 Surge Is Upon Us: Investigating Excess Capacity and Production

The first of a large batch of expected Section 301 investigations has arrived, as USTR announced yesterday that it was initiating investigations on acts, policies, and practices of various countries/economies "relating to structural excess capacity and production in manufacturing sectors."
12 Mar 2026 3 min read

Debunking the "Hyperglobalization" Trade Policy Myth

Policy is often shaped by narratives, and recently there has been a bipartisan effort to create a narrative that, starting in the early 1990s, globalization and free trade went too far.
03 Mar 2026 8 min read

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