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The U.S. View of Precedent in Article 22.6 Proceedings

I was intrigued by this passage in the U.S. - Countervailing Measures (China) Article 22.6 Arbitration Decision circulated last week: 3.137. Basing our choice of the year-prior on the calendar year preceding the imposition of the preliminary CVDs would therefore secure a correct calculation, rather than, as
Simon Lester 30 Jan 2022 3 min read

Guest Post: Agreed Procedures under Art. 25 DSU in the US and EU Steel and Aluminum Disputes

This is a guest post from Caroline Glöckle, a PhD candidate at the University of Passau: The replacement of the US’ Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from the EU with tariff-quota rates on October 31, 2021 has been regarded as a major step in easing the tense
Simon Lester 26 Jan 2022 2 min read

Guest Post: Cyclical Stability

This is a guest post by James Flett of the European Commission. The views expressed are those of the author, not the EU, the EU Commission, or its Legal Service. “Cyclical Stability” Since we seem to be in a cyclical environment, we should perhaps consider whether or not we can
Simon Lester 23 Jan 2022 2 min read

GATT Article III:4 Less Favorable Treatment Issues in the EU - Palm Oil Case

In a series of TBT cases a while ago, the Appellate Body was confronted with defining the similar but not identical legal standards in TBT Agreement Article 2.1 and GATT Article III:4. Roughly speaking, its conclusion was that Article 2.1 required an examination of "regulatory purpose&
Simon Lester 19 Jan 2022 10 min read

U.S. Court Rules that "Gruyere" Is a Generic Term

Periodically, I like to start fights with Europeans on Twitter about geographical indications. It's not a perfect breakdown by country/continent, but it mostly lines up as a "new world" vs. "old world" fight. Recently I started a good one based on a U.
Simon Lester 13 Jan 2022 3 min read

Katherine Tai on WTO Dispute Settlement Reform

U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai spoke today at an event hosted by The Institute of International and European Affairs. Here is something she said on WTO dispute settlement reform: On dispute settlement, ... I think that we need to come back to first principles ... . I know there's a
Simon Lester 12 Jan 2022 1 min read

Congress' Sense of the WTO, as Articulated in USICA

I found the "sense of Congress" on various WTO issues in the Senate's United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 bill to be interesting, and it made me wonder about the process for coming up with this part of legislation. Many of these points I&
Simon Lester 06 Jan 2022 7 min read

Biden Administration Thinking about COOL Again

This is from a White House fact sheet from Monday: Issue new “Product of USA” labeling rulesso that consumers can better understand where their meat comes from. already begun A vague statement like this one is going to generate concern that the U.S. will once again try to use
Simon Lester 06 Jan 2022 2 min read

The Iran Deal: As the Vienna Talks Resume With a Focus on Economic Sanctions Relief, A Look Back at Snapback

Tomorrow, negotiators from the parties to the original Iran Deal, the JCPOA, will return to Vienna to continue talks on restoring the accord that was broken by the Trump Administration.  In the coming days and weeks, the focus will move squarely to Iran's demands for sanctions relief.    As
Rob Howse 05 Jan 2022 4 min read

What Was the Purpose and Intent of the USMCA?

This is from the first USMCA Chapter 31 panel report, on Canada -Dairy TRQs, circulated today: c) Purpose and Intent of the Treaty As the Preamble to the Treaty explains, the Parties resolved to promote trade between the signatory states by creating “freer, fairer markets,” and “incentivizing the production and
Simon Lester 04 Jan 2022 1 min read

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The Section 301 Surge Continues: Investigating the Adoption/Enforcement/Administration of Forced Labor Import Bans

This Section 301 investigation intends to pressure all sixty named trade partners (even, inexplicably, including Canada and Mexico) to adopt similar enforcement procedures. This announcement is highly problematic for the four reasons I address below.
16 Mar 2026 4 min read

The Section 301 Surge Is Upon Us: Investigating Excess Capacity and Production

The first of a large batch of expected Section 301 investigations has arrived, as USTR announced yesterday that it was initiating investigations on acts, policies, and practices of various countries/economies "relating to structural excess capacity and production in manufacturing sectors."
12 Mar 2026 3 min read

Debunking the "Hyperglobalization" Trade Policy Myth

Policy is often shaped by narratives, and recently there has been a bipartisan effort to create a narrative that, starting in the early 1990s, globalization and free trade went too far.
03 Mar 2026 8 min read

Guest Post: Are President Trump’s New Section 122 Tariffs Legal?

This is a guest post from Bryan Riley and Joe Bishop-Henchman. Bryan is Director of the Free Trade Initiative at the National Taxpayers Union; Joe is Executive Vice President at the National Taxpayers Union Foundation President Trump has issued new 10% tariffs, shortly after raised to 15%, based on Section
24 Feb 2026 6 min read

Section 122 as a (Partial) Replacement for the IEEPA Tariffs

Apparently, this is the era of dusting off old international economic policy statutes and figuring out what they mean and how they work. After the Supreme Court's ruling today in Learning Resources, holding that "IEEPA does not authorize the President to impose tariffs," we are now
20 Feb 2026 5 min read

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