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WHY ARE APPELLATE BODY REPORTS SO HARD TO READ SOMETIMES?

The more I read Appellate Body Reports, the more I notice (not infrequently) that  when really difficult interpretative issues are at stake, then don’t count on the Appellate Body to make things easier for you. In other words, my impression is that the Appellate Body has developed a series
Marc Benitah 07 Apr 2015 2 min read

Sanctions, Reactors, and Legal Effects: Inventing "Contradictions" Between Washington and Tehran on the JCPOA

A recent story in the New York Post http://bit.ly/1NK55m1 is making a rather sensational claim that Iran's official statement in Farsi about the deal last week on sanctions and nuclear proliferation contradicts in essential respects the State Department's fact sheet, which I discussed
Rob Howse 05 Apr 2015 3 min read

The Logic of Economic Sanctions and the Design of the Deal:Why the President not Congress has the Upper Hand on Iran

Last month, Tom Cotton and 46 of his colleagues in the Senate tried to run interference with the Administration's nuclear negotiations with Iran, addressing a letter to the leadership in Tehran that suggested Congress could destroy any legal certainty in an eventual deal with Iran, if not reversing
Rob Howse 04 Apr 2015 5 min read

Cecilia Malmstrom on ISDS in the TTIP: Part 2 (Exceptions)

Here's more from EU Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom: For all these reasons, I believe the question about putting investment in TTIP is not whether we should do it but how we can do it right. Can we design a new form of investment arbitration that keeps the benefits
Simon Lester 31 Mar 2015 1 min read

Cecilia Malmstrom on ISDS in the TTIP: Part 1 (FET and State-State)

This is from a recent speech by EU Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmstrom: Let me start by stating what is perhaps obvious. The Commission's assessment is that we need to negotiate rules on investment protection and ISDS in TTIP. I know that some members of this house believe otherwise,
Simon Lester 31 Mar 2015 1 min read

The Peru - Agricultural Duties Appeal: Lots of International Law

For all you international law lovers out there, here are some excerpts from the notice of appeal in Peru - Agricultural Products, filed last week: I. The Panel Erred in Law by Failing to Find that Guatemala Acted Inconsistently with Its Good Faith Obligations under DSU Articles 3.7 and
Simon Lester 30 Mar 2015 2 min read

"Don't Use Facebook" as a Measure

This is from the Guardian: The European Commission has warned EU citizens that they should close their Facebook accounts if they want to keep information private from US security services, finding that current Safe Harbour legislation does not protect citizen’s data. The comments were made by EC attorney Bernhard
Simon Lester 30 Mar 2015 1 min read

State-State as an Alternative to Investor-State

Getting back to academic discussions, here's more from Freya Baetans on ISDS: Four possible alternatives to the inclusion of ISDS in TTIP are frequently mentioned. The first would be to opt for state-to-state arbitration. However, such an option would hardly be preferable, as it will invariably politicise a
Simon Lester 26 Mar 2015 3 min read

The Leaked TPP Investment Chapter: Minimum Standard of Treatment Issues

Here's the minimum standard of treatment provision in the leaked TPP investment chapter (which is basically the same as the U.S. model BIT): Article II.6: Minimum Standard of Treatment 14 1. Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment in accordance with applicable customary international law
Simon Lester 26 Mar 2015 1 min read

The Leaked TPP Investment Chapter: National Treatment Issues

WikiLeaks has posted the Jan 20, 2015 version of the TPP investment chapter. The NY Times reports here.  I'm going to do two short posts, one on national treatment and one on the minimum standard of treatment.  Here's the national treatment provision: Article II.4: National
Simon Lester 26 Mar 2015 1 min read

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International Economic Law and Policy Blog

International Economic Law and Policy Blog

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Is this the end of MFN as we know it? The EU submission on WTO reform and the meaning of development

With the release of the EU submission on WTO reform, it has become clear that the MFN principle’s central role within the WTO architecture is under challenge. As a keystone, it risks the entire bridge falling. Even if the foundations are retained but deemed outdated or unusable, and a
23 Jan 2026 3 min read

Can "Geopolitical" Tariffs Be Dealt With through Trade Deals?

Last Friday, U.S. Trade Rep. Jamieson Greer was asked about Trump's initial suggestion of tariffs related to the goal of taking over Greenland
20 Jan 2026 4 min read

Is Foreign Antitrust Enforcement "Discriminatory" and "Anti-American"?

The House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust held a hearing in December on "Anti-American Antitrust: How Foreign Governments Target U.S. Businesses." There was a lot of talk at the hearing about how foreign regulations and regulators "discriminate" against American companies.
05 Jan 2026 5 min read

Pennsylvania Court Finds Mexican Government Guilty of "Discrimination" Due To Its Subsidies

I'm always interested in how courts apply the concept of "discrimination" in the context of international trade, so I've been eagerly awaiting a Pennsylvania court decision in a case against Mexico.
12 Dec 2025 8 min read

Economic Security in Trade Agreements: My Response to Geoff Gertz

Thanks to Geoff for laying out his vision of why economic security should be in trade agreements and how to bring it in. It won't surprise anyone to hear I have some additional comments and questions in response!
04 Dec 2025 10 min read

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