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Peru--Agricultural Products: WTO versus RTAs (and other non-WTO international law)

In addition to the AB's findings on interpretation in this case, discussed by Adarsh Ramanujan, it seems to me that para 5.112 of the AB decision (quoted below) is also very important, stating that the amendment and waiver provisions of the WTO are lex specialis, prevailing over
Trachtman 04 Aug 2015 1 min read

Guest Post on Peru - Agricultural Products

This is a guest post from trade lawyer Adarsh Ramanujan:Comments on Article 31 of the Vienna Convention The AB Report in DS457: Peru –Agricultural Products (adopted on July 31) had some very interesting points on Article 31 of the Vienna Convention, in particular, sub-paragraphs (a) and (c), and their
Simon Lester 04 Aug 2015 7 min read

Can Section 337 Be Used to Block Digital Imports?

From the WSJ: A U.S. appeals court this month will consider whether federal tariff law gives the International Trade Commission the power to order a halt to foreign digital transmissions into the U.S. when those communications infringe U.S. intellectual property. Traditionally, the ITC has intervened only to
Simon Lester 03 Aug 2015 1 min read

Maui Post-Mortem

As everyone has probably heard by now, negotiators could not reach a TPP deal in Maui.  Here's a roundup of some commentary: Washington Post: High-level talks to forge a ­12-nation trade deal spanning the Pacific broke up Friday without resolving contentious disputes over Canadian dairy tariffs, the protection
Simon Lester 01 Aug 2015 2 min read

Appellate Body Secretariat Job

There's a job opening in the Appellate Body Secretariat. These don't come along too often, so take advantage of the opportunity! Vacancy Notice No.: EXT/F/15-36    Title: Dispute Settlement Lawyer    Grade: 9    Contract Type: Fixed-term    Starting Salary: CHF 134,940 net per annum (approximate) Issued
Simon Lester 31 Jul 2015 4 min read

The Value of the SPS Agreement

I've been reading the U.S. - Animals (yes, that's the official short title!) WTO panel report.  It's over 200 pages long, and goes into great detail about foot and mouth disease and the relevant international standards, before delving into a variety of claims
Simon Lester 31 Jul 2015 1 min read

Clarifying Something

I recently came across this: According to US trade lawyer Simon Lester, dispute settlement between states under the TPP or TTIP would then require them to invoke their rights within the WTO and seek the jurisdiction of the WTO’s dispute settlement understanding (DSU). However, the right to invoke the
Simon Lester 29 Jul 2015 1 min read

Regulating Pharmaceutical Prices

From the NY Times: Cost transparency bills [for pharmaceuticals] have also been introduced in California, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oregon and Pennsylvania. Three of the bills require disclosures for drugs costing $10,000 or more per year. The others have different criteria. Besides development costs, some of the bills would require
Simon Lester 29 Jul 2015 1 min read

Using Your Economic Power for Good and/or for Profit

This is from Charles Kenny and Sarah Dykstra of the Center for Global Development: Use US trade and investment treaties to foster greater gender equality in the workplace. US bilateral trade and investment treaties frequently contain language about labor laws and working conditions. For instance, US bilateral investment treaties include
Simon Lester 29 Jul 2015 2 min read

Government Loans Tied to Buying the Lender's Products

Todd Tucker points me to this from the NY Times: Shut out from borrowing in traditional markets, Ecuador turned to China to fill the void. PetroChina, the government-backed oil company, lent Petroecuador $1 billion in August 2009 for two years at 7.25 percent interest. Within a year, more Chinese
Simon Lester 26 Jul 2015 1 min read

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Is this the end of MFN as we know it? The EU submission on WTO reform and the meaning of development

With the release of the EU submission on WTO reform, it has become clear that the MFN principle’s central role within the WTO architecture is under challenge. As a keystone, it risks the entire bridge falling. Even if the foundations are retained but deemed outdated or unusable, and a
23 Jan 2026 3 min read

Can "Geopolitical" Tariffs Be Dealt With through Trade Deals?

Last Friday, U.S. Trade Rep. Jamieson Greer was asked about Trump's initial suggestion of tariffs related to the goal of taking over Greenland
20 Jan 2026 4 min read

Is Foreign Antitrust Enforcement "Discriminatory" and "Anti-American"?

The House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust held a hearing in December on "Anti-American Antitrust: How Foreign Governments Target U.S. Businesses." There was a lot of talk at the hearing about how foreign regulations and regulators "discriminate" against American companies.
05 Jan 2026 5 min read

Pennsylvania Court Finds Mexican Government Guilty of "Discrimination" Due To Its Subsidies

I'm always interested in how courts apply the concept of "discrimination" in the context of international trade, so I've been eagerly awaiting a Pennsylvania court decision in a case against Mexico.
12 Dec 2025 8 min read

Economic Security in Trade Agreements: My Response to Geoff Gertz

Thanks to Geoff for laying out his vision of why economic security should be in trade agreements and how to bring it in. It won't surprise anyone to hear I have some additional comments and questions in response!
04 Dec 2025 10 min read

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