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"Why did the Appellate Body feel free to disregard the clear text of the agreements?"

The U.S. keeps asking a question along the lines of "why did the Appellate Body feel free to disregard the clear text of the agreements?" Here's an answer provided by Ambassador Shea at today's General Council meeting: ... For nearly a year, in the
Simon Lester 09 Dec 2019 4 min read

The Attack on the Appellate Body- Events of 6 December 2019

Steve Charnovitz The WTO community is abuzz about a draft Decision that is slated to be considered by the WTO General Council on Monday.  The Decision on "Functioning of the Appellate Body" is posted on the WTO portal. The Decision is designated as an Article IX:1 decision
Charnovitz 06 Dec 2019 3 min read

The Discrimination Standard under Section 301

This is from the Section 301 report on France’s Digital Services Tax issued by USTR earlier this week: A. France’s Digital Services Tax Discriminates Against U.S. Digital Companies The evidence collected in this investigation, including witness testimony, written comments, news reports, and expert commentary, indicates that the
Simon Lester 06 Dec 2019 1 min read

Guest Post on Carbon Border Adjustment

This is a guest post from trade lawyer Bernard O'Connor: Reinhard Quick has written a blogpost questioning the idea of a border carbon adjustment. He raises some very good points. It goes without saying that a border adjustment for internal direct taxes must be trade neutral and must
Simon Lester 06 Dec 2019 6 min read

The Attack on the Appellate Body- Events of 5 December 2019

The Attack on the Appellate Body- Events of 5 December 2019 Steve Charnovitz A story on World Trade Online by Hannah Monicken just crossed my desk in which she wrote: "Even those who do not view Zdouc as part of the problem could begin to view his now-public divisiveness
Charnovitz 05 Dec 2019 1 min read

What Happens To Pending Appeals For Which, Next Week, Ruled 15 Would Not Be Exercised?

I have been asked by several people what will happen with the 10 pending appeals that will (apparently) not be carried over next week. Indeed, according to press reports only 4 of the 14 currently pending appeals, for which hearings already took place, will continue under Rule 15 (Note that,
Joost Pauwelyn 05 Dec 2019 3 min read

The Attack on the Appellate Body- Events of 4 December 2019

Steve Charnovitz At today's DSB meeting, press reports state that the US representative "charged that China and the EU, in calling for the continued use of Rule 15, were supporting what the U.S. sees as the Appellate Body’s blatant rule breaking."  In addition, the
Charnovitz 04 Dec 2019 1 min read

The Attack on the Appellate Body- Events of 3 December 2019

Steve Charnovitz 3 December 2019 I was delighted to see the open letter from two current and one former member of the Appellate Body disputing yesterday's news item that various Appellate Body members are seeking the ouster of the Director of the Appellate Body Secretariat. When I wrote
Charnovitz 03 Dec 2019 1 min read

Letter from Mr Ujal Singh Bhatia, Mr Shree B.C. Servansing, and Ms Hong Zhao

In the context of the ongoing Appellate Body crisis, here is a letter to the WTO DG sent by Mr Ujal Singh Bhatia, Mr Shree B.C. Servansing, and Ms Hong Zhao: Dear Director-General, Regarding recent media articles, we have deep concerns about the breach of confidentiality and the misrepresentations
Simon Lester 03 Dec 2019 1 min read

With No Appellate Body, Fear Over (Not Under) Enforcement of WTO Rules

Nicolas’ post on how unilateral retaliation may limit “appeals into the void” reminds me of a misleading statement I keep reading in the press these days. Many seem to believe that with the demise of the Appellate Body (AB), the WTO will lose its “bite”, i.e., that pre-Dec. 11
Joost Pauwelyn 03 Dec 2019 3 min read

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The Section 301 Excess Capacity Investigation Needs Less Madness, More Method

Shortly after the Supreme Court ruled President Trump’s emergency tariffs under IEEPA  unconstitutional, the administration scrambled to rebuild its tariff wall. While the announcement of Section 122 tariffs immediately following the ruling will provide a temporary patch, the U.S. Trade Representative’s office quickly began to utilize another
24 Apr 2026 6 min read

War Tariffs

This is a co-authored post by Kathleen Claussen and Tim Meyer. Last week, President Trump announced that the United States would be imposing new tariffs of 50 percent of the value of any product coming from any country that sells weapons or provides military aid to Iran. Some commentators questioned
14 Apr 2026 5 min read

USMCA Review and Extension Predictions

When the idea of an expiration clause was suggested during the NAFTA renegotiation, I was against it from the start, and Inu and I wrote a pretty critical piece about it at the time. A review is great, we said, let's definitely have reviews, and there are plenty of ways to do that.
08 Apr 2026 5 min read

The Section 301 Surge Continues: Investigating the Adoption/Enforcement/Administration of Forced Labor Import Bans

This Section 301 investigation intends to pressure all sixty named trade partners (even, inexplicably, including Canada and Mexico) to adopt similar enforcement procedures. This announcement is highly problematic for the four reasons I address below.
16 Mar 2026 4 min read

The Section 301 Surge Is Upon Us: Investigating Excess Capacity and Production

The first of a large batch of expected Section 301 investigations has arrived, as USTR announced yesterday that it was initiating investigations on acts, policies, and practices of various countries/economies "relating to structural excess capacity and production in manufacturing sectors."
12 Mar 2026 3 min read

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