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The U.S. View of Precedent in Article 22.6 Proceedings

I was intrigued by this passage in the U.S. - Countervailing Measures (China) Article 22.6 Arbitration Decision circulated last week: 3.137. Basing our choice of the year-prior on the calendar year preceding the imposition of the preliminary CVDs would therefore secure a correct calculation, rather than, as
Simon Lester 30 Jan 2022 3 min read

Guest Post: Agreed Procedures under Art. 25 DSU in the US and EU Steel and Aluminum Disputes

This is a guest post from Caroline Glöckle, a PhD candidate at the University of Passau: The replacement of the US’ Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from the EU with tariff-quota rates on October 31, 2021 has been regarded as a major step in easing the tense
Simon Lester 26 Jan 2022 2 min read

Guest Post: Cyclical Stability

This is a guest post by James Flett of the European Commission. The views expressed are those of the author, not the EU, the EU Commission, or its Legal Service. “Cyclical Stability” Since we seem to be in a cyclical environment, we should perhaps consider whether or not we can
Simon Lester 23 Jan 2022 2 min read

GATT Article III:4 Less Favorable Treatment Issues in the EU - Palm Oil Case

In a series of TBT cases a while ago, the Appellate Body was confronted with defining the similar but not identical legal standards in TBT Agreement Article 2.1 and GATT Article III:4. Roughly speaking, its conclusion was that Article 2.1 required an examination of "regulatory purpose&
Simon Lester 19 Jan 2022 10 min read

U.S. Court Rules that "Gruyere" Is a Generic Term

Periodically, I like to start fights with Europeans on Twitter about geographical indications. It's not a perfect breakdown by country/continent, but it mostly lines up as a "new world" vs. "old world" fight. Recently I started a good one based on a U.
Simon Lester 13 Jan 2022 3 min read

Katherine Tai on WTO Dispute Settlement Reform

U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai spoke today at an event hosted by The Institute of International and European Affairs. Here is something she said on WTO dispute settlement reform: On dispute settlement, ... I think that we need to come back to first principles ... . I know there's a
Simon Lester 12 Jan 2022 1 min read

Congress' Sense of the WTO, as Articulated in USICA

I found the "sense of Congress" on various WTO issues in the Senate's United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 bill to be interesting, and it made me wonder about the process for coming up with this part of legislation. Many of these points I&
Simon Lester 06 Jan 2022 7 min read

Biden Administration Thinking about COOL Again

This is from a White House fact sheet from Monday: Issue new “Product of USA” labeling rulesso that consumers can better understand where their meat comes from. already begun A vague statement like this one is going to generate concern that the U.S. will once again try to use
Simon Lester 06 Jan 2022 2 min read

The Iran Deal: As the Vienna Talks Resume With a Focus on Economic Sanctions Relief, A Look Back at Snapback

Tomorrow, negotiators from the parties to the original Iran Deal, the JCPOA, will return to Vienna to continue talks on restoring the accord that was broken by the Trump Administration.  In the coming days and weeks, the focus will move squarely to Iran's demands for sanctions relief.    As
Rob Howse 05 Jan 2022 4 min read

What Was the Purpose and Intent of the USMCA?

This is from the first USMCA Chapter 31 panel report, on Canada -Dairy TRQs, circulated today: c) Purpose and Intent of the Treaty As the Preamble to the Treaty explains, the Parties resolved to promote trade between the signatory states by creating “freer, fairer markets,” and “incentivizing the production and
Simon Lester 04 Jan 2022 1 min read

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International Economic Law and Policy Blog

International Economic Law and Policy Blog

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Is Foreign Antitrust Enforcement "Discriminatory" and "Anti-American"?

The House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust held a hearing in December on "Anti-American Antitrust: How Foreign Governments Target U.S. Businesses." There was a lot of talk at the hearing about how foreign regulations and regulators "discriminate" against American companies.
05 Jan 2026 5 min read

Pennsylvania Court Finds Mexican Government Guilty of "Discrimination" Due To Its Subsidies

I'm always interested in how courts apply the concept of "discrimination" in the context of international trade, so I've been eagerly awaiting a Pennsylvania court decision in a case against Mexico.
12 Dec 2025 8 min read

Economic Security in Trade Agreements: My Response to Geoff Gertz

Thanks to Geoff for laying out his vision of why economic security should be in trade agreements and how to bring it in. It won't surprise anyone to hear I have some additional comments and questions in response!
04 Dec 2025 10 min read

Guest Post: The Case for Bringing Economic Security Priorities into U.S. Trade Agreements, Part II

This is a guest post from Geoffrey Gertz of the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), responding to my post on Economic and National Security Provisions in U.S. Trade Agreements An earlier post made the case for why the United States should bring economic security commitments into trade
01 Dec 2025 3 min read

Guest Post: The Case for Bringing Economic Security Priorities into U.S. Trade Agreements, Part I

Thanks to Simon for kickstarting a debate on the prospect of bringing economic security provisions into trade agreements, and for allowing me to respond here.
26 Nov 2025 4 min read

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