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Is Investment Treaty Arbitration Biased Against Developing Countries?

In a short paper, Kevin Gallagher and Elen Shrestha discuss the issue of whether investment treaty arbitration is biased against developing countries.  They first note the argument of those who say there is no bias: Defenders claim that the system does not unfairly subject developing countries to arbitral panels.  When
Simon Lester 08 Jun 2011 3 min read

Is the TPP a Model for Future Trade Agreements?

Claude Barfield wonders whether the Trans-Pacific Partnership is "a model for twenty-first-century trade agreements."  In this regard, he notes that: At the first meeting in Melbourne in March 2010, the negotiators established ten negotiating groups, including industrial goods, agriculture, sanitary and phytosanitary standards, telecommunications, financial services, customs rules
Simon Lester 05 Jun 2011 3 min read

Zeroing at the Supreme Court?

Following-up on this post, here's the question presented to the U.S. Supreme Court in a cert. petition filed by steel company Nucor last week: Whether the Tariff Act of 1930—which defines “dumping” as “the sale or likely sale of goods at less than fair value” and
Simon Lester 30 May 2011 8 min read

A WTO Moot Court Dynasty?

Melbourne Law School has won again: Melbourne Law School has won the prestigious 2011 European Law Students’ Association Moot Court Competition on the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva. Melbourne’s team comprised law students Philip Aitken (Juris Doctor), Glyn Ayres (Juris Doctor), Daniel Ari Baker (Bachelor
Simon Lester 30 May 2011 1 min read

Intent, Export Contingency, and National Treatment

Do the Appellate Body's statements in EC - Aircraft on de facto export contingency tell us anything about the National Treatment standard?  The Panel's findings had seemed to place a lot of emphasis on the reasons for the measure as the basis for determining whether export
Simon Lester 26 May 2011 3 min read

John Magnus on the Appellate Body's Double Remedies Ruling

He doesn't like it.  Here's one part of why: The following is a fair summary of the AB decision. Domestic subsidies when used to reduce export price will, unless they also produce a lower normal value calculation, increase the recipient’s dumping margin and be offset
Simon Lester 22 May 2011 2 min read

Extinguishment of Subsidies: Three Members, Three Opinions

In case there was any doubt that the issue of whether subsidies can be "extinguished" through privatizations or other sales of a company, the three members of the Appellate Body Division in EC - Aircraft set out three separate opinions on the issue: 726. Although the Members of
Simon Lester 19 May 2011 4 min read

The EC - Aircraft Appellate Body Report: The New Export Subsidy Standard

From the report: 1044. Because anticipated exportation "alone is not proof that the granting of the subsidy is tied tothe anticipation of exportation"2342, the legal standard for  de facto  export contingency under Article 3.1(a) and footnote 4 of the SCM Agreement further requires that there
Simon Lester 18 May 2011 3 min read

The EC - Aircraft Appellate Body Report

Here it is on our web site.  The big issues I was looking at are: -- Is launch aid a program? -- Can certain launch aid contracts at issue be considered "export subsidies"? Here's what the Appellate Body said on each: Is launch aid a program?
Simon Lester 18 May 2011 3 min read

Even More Double Remedies

AFP reports: China said Monday it would levy anti-subsidy duties of up to 11.19 percent on imports of EU potato starch, in apparent retaliation over Brussels' decision to slap taxes on Chinese fine art paper. The commerce ministry said in a statement that importers of potato starch will
Simon Lester 16 May 2011 4 min read

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Jamieson Greer on the 30 Year Aberration in U.S. Trade Policy

When he was in Davos last week for the World Economic Forum, U.S. Trade Rep. Jamieson Greer talked a bit about U.S. trade policy history and described a recent period during which, in his view, U.S. trade policy shifted away from tariffs/protectionism and towards free trade.
29 Jan 2026 6 min read

Is this the end of MFN as we know it? The EU submission on WTO reform and the meaning of development

With the release of the EU submission on WTO reform, it has become clear that the MFN principle’s central role within the WTO architecture is under challenge. As a keystone, it risks the entire bridge falling. Even if the foundations are retained but deemed outdated or unusable, and a
23 Jan 2026 3 min read

Can "Geopolitical" Tariffs Be Dealt With through Trade Deals?

Last Friday, U.S. Trade Rep. Jamieson Greer was asked about Trump's initial suggestion of tariffs related to the goal of taking over Greenland
20 Jan 2026 4 min read

Is Foreign Antitrust Enforcement "Discriminatory" and "Anti-American"?

The House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust held a hearing in December on "Anti-American Antitrust: How Foreign Governments Target U.S. Businesses." There was a lot of talk at the hearing about how foreign regulations and regulators "discriminate" against American companies.
05 Jan 2026 5 min read

Pennsylvania Court Finds Mexican Government Guilty of "Discrimination" Due To Its Subsidies

I'm always interested in how courts apply the concept of "discrimination" in the context of international trade, so I've been eagerly awaiting a Pennsylvania court decision in a case against Mexico.
12 Dec 2025 8 min read

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