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The COOL Retaliation Decision

Recall that in the U.S. - COOL arbitration proceeding over the amounts of suspension of concessions: Canada asked for $2.41 billion in retaliation; the U.S. has countered with $43.22 million. ... Mexico wants $713 million; the U.S. countered with $47.55 million The Arbitrator's decision
Simon Lester 07 Dec 2015 1 min read

Burden of Proof for Less Favorable Treatment under TBT Agreement Article 2.1

This is from the recent AB 21.5 report in Tuna: 7.32 ... Under Article 2.1, ... a complainant must show that, under the technical regulation at issue, the treatment accorded to imported products is less favourable than that accorded to like domestic products or like products originating in any
Simon Lester 07 Dec 2015 1 min read

More on Free Trade in Canadian Beer

What is it with Canadian provincial restrictions on internal trade in beer? I blogged about one issue here. Now there's this: On Tuesday, the Alberta budget included an overall five per cent liquor tax increase on top of the 10 per cent increase introduced by the former Tory
Simon Lester 04 Dec 2015 1 min read

Discriminatory Measures and Perfect Measures

This is from the U.S. statement at yesterday's DSB meeting, commenting on the Tuna 21.5 panel and Appellate Body reports: Panels and the Appellate Body should not make their conception of the “perfect” measure the enemy of all the possible good ones. In pursuing legitimate objectives,
Simon Lester 04 Dec 2015 1 min read

From ISDS to ICS

From the European Commission: The European Union and Vietnam today finalised talks for a free trade agreement (FTA), marking the end of the negotiating process. After the agreement in principle reached in August, today’s announcement follows the successful resolution of the few remaining issues on the table. ... Vietnam has
Simon Lester 02 Dec 2015 1 min read

Detrimental Impact in the Less Favorable Treatment Analysis

With the AB's recent Tuna 21.5 report in mind, I think it's fair to say that the focus when analyzing less favorable treatment tends to be on the "stems exclusively from a legitimate regulatory distinction" element.  I agree that this element is crucial,
Simon Lester 02 Dec 2015 3 min read

A Few Thoughts on the AB's Tuna 21.5 Report

I am not as critical as Rob of the AB's Tuna 21.5 report, but I do have some concerns. Let me set them out briefly. First, the Appellate Body said the following about the standard it applies under TBT Article 2.1: 7.153. We have already
Simon Lester 29 Nov 2015 3 min read

Does the Appellate Body Need a Senior Judicial Officer?

A result like that in the recent Tuna/Dolphin 21.5 proceeding, on which I blogged here early this week http://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2015/11/the-tunadolphin-appellate-body-215-ruling-a-decision-that-could-threaten-the-integrity-and-efficiency-of-wto-dispute-settl.html, necessarily focuses attention
Rob Howse 26 Nov 2015 3 min read

The Tuna/Dolphin Appellate Body 21.5 Ruling: A decision that could threaten the integrity and efficiency of WTO dispute settlement

As Susan Esserman and I pointed out in Foreign Affairs some years back, the WTO dispute settlement system is among the most advanced adjudicative mechanisms yet devised for international law. One of its innovative features is a means by which disagreements over compliance are themselves subject to resolution by the
Rob Howse 24 Nov 2015 16 min read

The First ISDS Marijuana Case

Earlier this year, I was speculating about a NAFTA Chapter 11 claim against a U.S. tax provision that had an impact on marijuana businesses, and more generally I've been wondering about ISDS challenges to marijuana regulation.  I thought the first such claim -- or rather, the intent to
Simon Lester 24 Nov 2015 1 min read

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Why Section 338 Does Not Work in a GATT/WTO World: Lessons from Trade Law History

On July 21, 2026, President Trump exercised his authority under Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (hereinafter Section 338) to impose the maximum amount of additional tariffs (fifty per cent) on Canadian cars, alcohol, and dairy, owing to his determination of Canada’s discriminatory treatment of US exports.
23 Jul 2026 10 min read

EU WTO Reform Proposal Seeks To Extend Accession-Based State Enterprise Rules To All Members

In a new WTO reform paper entitled "Further Reflections on Disciplines, Subsidies and Industrial policy," the EU argues for stronger WTO disciplines on the behavior of state enterprises.
17 Jul 2026 5 min read

Governments Make Their Case Against Section 301 Forced Labor Tariffs

Last month, USTR made a determination in its Section 301 investigation into "Acts, Policies, and Practices of Various Economies Related to the Failure To Impose and Effectively Enforce a Prohibition on the Importation of Goods Produced With Forced Labor."
10 Jul 2026 5 min read

How Should the EU Get Tough with China? Unilateral Action vs. WTO Complaints

I've seen several recent calls for the EU to get tougher in its economic relations with China, along with arguments that it has been too slow to act against the Chinese economic threat.
06 Jul 2026 4 min read

Trump Administration Decides Not To Extend USMCA for Another Term: What Does That Mean Exactly?

Today, as part of the first joint review of the USMCA, the three governments held a virtual meeting.
01 Jul 2026 4 min read

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