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National Security

37 posts

New Security Exception Language Establishes a Two-Tiered Approach

Via Mona Paulsen and Devon Whittle, I see that Chapter 28 of the UK-India trade agreement has some interesting new language on security exceptions. It starts off as expected, with the following: Article 28.2 Security Exceptions 1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to: (a) require a Party

The USMCA Review (If the USMCA Survives!) Needs To Address the National Security Loophole

I don't know if the USMCA is going to survive all the U.S. tariffs on Canada and Mexico, along with the Canadian and Mexican retaliation. Will the agreement make it to the USMCA review next year? We'll see. If we do make it though, I

The U.S. Proposal on How to Handle Disputes on Essential Security Measures

At a DSB meeting in January 2023, the U.S. made clear its position that "it was a mistake to begin adjudicating national security at the WTO," and said: "we believe Members need to clarify and adopt a shared understanding of the essential security exception, and we

Security Exceptions Redux

In April 2017, the US Secretary of Commerce initiated an investigation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to evaluate the effect of imported steel and aluminium on national security. In 2018, the United States imposed Section 232 tariffs on foreign steel and aluminium products from several

Is the U.S. Going to Propose Security Exception Reforms?

During a DSB meeting in January 2023, the U.S. indicated that it would be seeking an "authoritative interpretation" of the GATT security exception: The United States believes that Members need to deepen their collective understanding of this issue that is so critical to all of us. We

Rep. Don Beyer and Bruce Hirsh on Trade Agreements and National Security

At a House Ways and Means Committee trade hearing yesterday, Congressman Don Beyer asked a good question of former USTR official Bruce Hirsh about possible abuse of the national security exception in trade agreements: Mr. Hirsh, you mentioned that, you talked about the dispute over whether WTO panels can second

Managing Risks as a GATT Exception under GATT Article XX(j)

In January 2024, the EU will offer more information about its strategy for economic security. After the pandemic and war, the focus is on an approach to risk management. While we await more details, this post probes past jurisprudence to assess how earlier WTO adjudicators handled the potential of an

A Very Old Semiconductors and National Security Trade Dispute

Through some searches I don't recall the details of, I stumbled on this paper, which makes reference to an old U.S. national security dispute over imports of semiconductor products: ... The very first trade dispute in semiconductors was in 1959. American transistor producers sought protection from Japanese exports

The thin line between "consistent with" GATT Article XXI and "pursuant to" GATT Article XXI.

A curious realisation from the newly released panel report for China – Additional Duties on Certain Products from the United States (DS558) – for thinking through the legal characterisation of security measures under WTO law. After the United States – Certain Measures on Steel and Aluminium Products (DS544/552/556/564) panel reports

Security of Steel Capacity – and the Persistence of trade security exceptionalism

In its 2022 WTO Trade Policy Review for the United States (US), China asked the US about its Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminium. Specifically, China asked about the US steel capacity utilisation rate target of 80% in the Steel Report. China asked the US whether it would now