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Exceptions

19 posts

Questions and Responses in DS623 on Non-Market Policies and the Relationship of GATT Exceptions to the SCM Agreement

The U.S. has posted its responses to the panel's questions in U.S. - IRA (China) (DS623). I want to highlight two specific questions/responses: One relates to the meaning of "non-market" policies and practices, and the other relates to the availability of GATT exceptions

The U.S. Argument that GATT Article XX Applies to Non-GATT Goods Agreements (Including the SCM Agreement)

In its first written submission in the U.S. - IRA Tax Credits WTO dispute (DS623), the U.S. makes a number of arguments people might find interesting. First, there's a new invocation of the GATT Article XXI security exception related to the exclusion under the Internal Revenue

Security Exceptions Redux

In April 2017, the US Secretary of Commerce initiated an investigation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to evaluate the effect of imported steel and aluminium on national security. In 2018, the United States imposed Section 232 tariffs on foreign steel and aluminium products from several

Risky Futures: Indonesia's Nickel and EV Production

Can governments future-proof their economic power in a green(er) global economy? This question seems to lie at the heart of many governments’ trade policies. It is not a new question per se. In 1974, many resource-rich countries resolved that it was time to create a new international economic order

Designing an Economic Security Safeguards Mechanism to Reform the WTO Security Exception

During the WTO Public Forum, the TradeExperettes published a report entitled, Ten Quick Wins for: Re-globalization and Resilience in Trade. The report captures a collection of terrific trade analysts (who happen to be women) short, policy briefs that capture ideas and potential solutions for urgent issues for the multilateral trading

Managing Risks as a GATT Exception under GATT Article XX(j)

In January 2024, the EU will offer more information about its strategy for economic security. After the pandemic and war, the focus is on an approach to risk management. While we await more details, this post probes past jurisprudence to assess how earlier WTO adjudicators handled the potential of an

The thin line between "consistent with" GATT Article XXI and "pursuant to" GATT Article XXI.

A curious realisation from the newly released panel report for China – Additional Duties on Certain Products from the United States (DS558) – for thinking through the legal characterisation of security measures under WTO law. After the United States – Certain Measures on Steel and Aluminium Products (DS544/552/556/564) panel reports

Arguments about GATT Exceptions in Relation to Non-GATT Goods Agreements in the DS597 Dispute

Last year, I wrote about a U.S. argument in the U.S. - Rules of Origin (DS597) case that "the essential security exception of Article XXI of the GATT 1994 applies to the multilateral agreements on trade in goods, including the Agreement on Rules of Origin." One

Questions about the 1982 Decision and Article XXI of the GATT

In 1982, the contracting parties adopted a Ministerial Declaration to take seriously the consideration of 'non-economic' trade measures. On 30 November 1982, the contracting parties adopted the Decision Concerning Article XXI of the General Agreement (the 1982 Decision) which set out some basic procedural guidelines for the application

The Beginning, End, and Imminence of Invoking Essential Security at the WTO

With the release of the latest US submission in United States-Origin Marking Requirement (DS597), it is worth thinking about one of the open questions of the GATT security exceptions in today’s climate – what does it mean to take action “in time of” an emergency in international relations? Security exceptions