My good friends over at the law firm Sidley Austin have done an analysis of whether certain cap-and-trade greenhouse gas legislation under consideration in the U.S. is consistent with WTO rules. They argue that unilateral legislation can be written in a way that complies with WTO rules, and that the specific proposal they analyze is WTO-consistent. See Appendix A of the following document for all the details: http://www.finance.senate.gov/hearings/testimony/2008test/021408abtest.pdf