No, not Airbus versus Boeing. This time it's Missouri versus Quebec, fighting over an assembly plant for a Bombardier airplane:
Bombardier's preferred site is Mirabel, near Montreal. In 2005, Ottawa offered $350 million in refundable assistance and seems to be sticking to this. Quebec promised a $118-million loan, refundable through royalties, but has stated it is open to upping its stake. The aircraft maker said it is looking for several hundred million dollars more in public funds.
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On May 1st, the Missouri Senate passed a bill that would give Bombardier up to $40 million a year in tax credits for eight years if it assembled the CSeries in Kansas City. The legislation also includes a repayment with interest of all tax credits issued, probably as a royalty on each plane sold.
Regular readers probably recall that I've raised the issue of "location subsidies" before. I think that it is an important one, and I hope that WTO Members will some day pick up on it and try to work out some disciplines. So what should be done? The author of the piece, Paul Daniel Muller of the Montreal Economic Institute, has some suggestions:
What can be done, then? If unilateral disarmament is not an option, governments can still agree to limit the subsidy race. Currently, Canada's Agreement on Internal Trade enjoins provincial governments to "refrain from engaging in bidding wars to attract prospective investors seeking the most beneficial incentive package." At a bilateral level, British Columbia and Alberta have agreed, as part of their TILMA deal, to not directly or indirectly provide business subsidies that distort investment decisions.
These examples could inspire bilateral deals between other sub-national jurisdictions that are close economic partners, such as a Canadian province and a U.S. state. Some agreements between sovereign states already limit subsidy bidding wars, but much work needs to be done at the sub-national level: states, provinces and local governments. The lowering of tariff and non-tariff barriers to international trade was not achieved overnight.
Each round of the GATT and then the WTO added a stone to the edifice. In the case of business subsidies, our leaders would also benefit from engaging their counterparts in other jurisdictions in disarmament talks. In other states too, clear-eyed politicians may feel they are being dragged into a bidding war against their better instincts.
