The conventional wisdom in the GATT days was that complainants requested consultations under Article XXII when they wanted to attract third parties and negotiate, but under Article XXIII:1 when they did not want third parties intervening and didn't especially want to negotiate. These days, it appears that things are a bit more complicated. Under the WTO, about half of all requests for consultations are filed under Article XXIII:1, and half of these attract third parties. On the other hand, many politically charged cases that are clearly destined for a panel start out under Article XXII, some with no third parties (though, statistically speaking, Article XXII cases do draw more third parties). Thus the question: is the conventional wisdom from the GATT days no longer true?